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question:Write a Python function to convert temperatures between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. **Function Requirements** * The function should take two arguments: `temperature` and `scale`. `temperature` represents the value of the temperature, and `scale` represents the unit of the temperature, which can be either 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit. * If the `scale` is 'C', the function should convert the temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit. * If the `scale` is 'F', the function should convert the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius. * If the `scale` is neither 'C' nor 'F', the function should raise a ValueError with the message Invalid scale. Please use 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit. **Example Usage** ```python print(convert_temperature(30, 'C')) # Output: 86.0 print(convert_temperature(86, 'F')) # Output: 30.0 ``` Here is a sample implementation of the function: ```python def convert_temperature(temperature, scale): if scale == 'C': # Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit converted_temperature = temperature * 9/5 + 32 elif scale == 'F': # Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius converted_temperature = (temperature - 32) * 5/9 else: # Raise an error for invalid scale raise ValueError(Invalid scale. Please use 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit.) return converted_temperature ``` Now, add error checking code to handle invalid input values for `temperature`. The function should check if the `temperature` is a numeric value. If it's not numeric, the function should raise a TypeError with the message Temperature must be a numeric value. Additionally, the function should check if the `temperature` is within the valid range for the given scale. * For Celsius, the valid range is from -273.15 to infinity. * For Fahrenheit, the valid range is from -459.67 to infinity. If the `temperature` is outside the valid range, the function should raise a ValueError with a message indicating the valid range for the given scale. Here is the modified code with error checking: ```python def convert_temperature(temperature, scale): # Check if temperature is numeric if not isinstance(temperature, (int, float)): raise TypeError(Temperature must be a numeric value.) # Check if temperature is within valid range if scale == 'C' and temperature < -273.15: raise ValueError(Temperature in Celsius cannot be lower than -273.15.) elif scale == 'F' and temperature < -459.67: raise ValueError(Temperature in Fahrenheit cannot be lower than -459.67.) # Perform temperature conversion if scale == 'C': converted_temperature = temperature * 9/5 + 32 elif scale == 'F': converted_temperature = (temperature - 32) * 5/9 else: raise ValueError(Invalid scale. Please use 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit.) return converted_temperature ```

answer:Here is the modified code with error checking and handling for invalid input values: ```python def convert_temperature(temperature, scale): Converts temperatures between Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. Args: temperature (int or float): The value of the temperature. scale (str): The unit of the temperature. 'C' for Celsius, 'F' for Fahrenheit. Returns: float: The converted temperature value. Raises: TypeError: If temperature is not a numeric value. ValueError: If temperature is outside the valid range or if scale is invalid. # Check if temperature is numeric if not isinstance(temperature, (int, float)): raise TypeError(Temperature must be a numeric value.) # Check if temperature is within valid range if scale == 'C' and temperature < -273.15: raise ValueError(Temperature in Celsius cannot be lower than -273.15.) elif scale == 'F' and temperature < -459.67: raise ValueError(Temperature in Fahrenheit cannot be lower than -459.67.) # Check if scale is valid if scale not in ['C', 'F']: raise ValueError(Invalid scale. Please use 'C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit.) # Perform temperature conversion if scale == 'C': converted_temperature = temperature * 9/5 + 32 else: converted_temperature = (temperature - 32) * 5/9 return converted_temperature # Example usage: print(convert_temperature(30, 'C')) # Output: 86.0 print(convert_temperature(86, 'F')) # Output: 30.0 # Error handling examples: try: print(convert_temperature('thirty', 'C')) # Raises TypeError except TypeError as e: print(e) try: print(convert_temperature(-300, 'C')) # Raises ValueError except ValueError as e: print(e) try: print(convert_temperature(30, 'K')) # Raises ValueError except ValueError as e: print(e) ``` In this code, I have added error checking to ensure that the `temperature` is a numeric value and within the valid range for the given scale. Additionally, I have added a check to ensure that the `scale` is either 'C' or 'F'. If any of these conditions are not met, the function raises a TypeError or ValueError with a corresponding error message. I have also included example usage and error handling examples to demonstrate how the function handles valid and invalid inputs.

question:Almost 10 hours after a United Airlines airplane ran off the runway Monday, crews finally removed the wayward plane from its landing site at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport, an airport spokeswoman said. Michelle Wilcut said one runway remained closed as workers filled a deep hole in the nearby sod, but airport officials hoped the labor would be completed in time to reopen the runway later Monday night. The National Transportation Safety Board said the pilot lost braking and steering control during the landing. The hole in the ground formed when the plane's nose gear burrowed into the sod, Wilcut said. No one was injured in the incident, according to FAA spokesman Lynn Lunsford. The Airbus A-320, flying as United Flight 497 from New Orleans to San Francisco, was smoking from the nose and made a screeching sound as it landed, a witness told CNN affiliate WVUE in New Orleans. Crews evacuated passengers from the plane using the emergency slides, Lunsford said. The flight was carrying 100 passengers and five crew members, according to United. However, the NTSB said 109 people were on board. The aircraft had returned to the airport about 20 minutes after take-off due to electrical difficulties and smoke in the cockpit, the NTSB said. Airline spokesman Rahsaan Johnson said the airplane experienced an issue with flight instruments. The pilot had asked to land on a longer runway but was diverted to a shorter one because of workers on the first runway, Lunsford said. CNN's Dave Alsup contributed to this report .

answer:United Airlines Flight 497, an Airbus A-320, ran off the runway at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport on Monday, creating a deep hole in the sod when its nose gear buried into the ground. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reported that the pilot lost braking and steering control during the landing. No injuries were reported among the 109 people on board, including 100 passengers and nine crew members. The plane, which was originally bound for San Francisco, had returned to the airport about 20 minutes after take-off due to electrical issues and smoke in the cockpit. Passengers were evacuated using emergency slides. The incident caused one runway to remain closed as crews worked to fill the hole and clear the plane, with hopes of reopening the runway later that night.

question:In this task you will be given a claim and a perspective. You should determine whether that perspective supports or undermines the claim. If the perspective could possibly convince someone with different view, it is supporting, otherwise it is undermining. claim: History has no place in the classroom. perspective: where we have been can help us with where we are going

answer:The given perspective supports the claim that history has a place in the classroom. The perspective essentially argues that understanding our past can be beneficial for our present and future actions. This highlights the importance of learning and teaching history in the classroom as a way to educate and guide students in their life choices.

question:Two teams are playing in a stadium with a capacity of 2000 people. The total number of people in the stadium is 3/4 of the total capacity and each person paid 20 in entry fees. What is the difference between the total amount of fees collected when the stadium was 3/4 full and if the stadium would have been full?

answer:To find the difference between the total amount of fees collected when the stadium was 3/4 full and if the stadium would have been full, we follow these steps: 1. Calculate the total fees when the stadium is full: [2000 times 20 = 40,000.] 2. Calculate the number of people when the stadium is 3/4 full: [frac{3}{4} times 2000 = 1500 text{ people}.] 3. Calculate the total entry fees when the stadium is 3/4 full: [1500 times 20 = 30,000.] 4. Find the difference between the total entry fees when the stadium is full and when it's 3/4 full: [40,000 - 30,000 = 10,000.] Therefore, the difference in the total amount of fees collected is boxed{10,000}.